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List of sub-topics:
Civil and Political Rights:  General Assembly Resolution 60/251 - Human Rights Council
Ref. A/RES/60/251: [English][Arabic][French]
Decides at the 72nd plenary meeting of the General Assembly - Sixtieth session on 15 March 2006 to establish the Human Rights Council, based in Geneva, in replacement of the Commission on Human Rights, as a subsidiary organ of the General Assembly.
Arab Charter on Human Rights
Ref. (16) – 23/5/ 2004: [English][Arabic]
The final and official 2004 version of the Arab Charter as adopted by on May 22, 2004 and entered in to force on March 15, 2008.
- [Revision]: Arab Charter of Human Rights - first version 1997 Ref. : [ English][ Arabic] General Assembly - Resolution ES-10/14 - Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory
Ref. A/RES/ES-10/14: [English][Arabic][French]
The Resolutions decides, in accordance with Article 96 of the Charter of the United Nations, to request the International Court of Justice, pursuant to Article 65 of the Statute of the Court, to urgently render an advisory opinion on the following question: What are the legal consequences arising from the construction of the wall being built by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian
Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, as described in the report of the Secretary-General, considering the rules and principles of international law, including the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949, and relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions.
Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
Ref. A/CONF.157/PC/62/ADD.18: [English][Arabic][French]
Status of preparation of publications, studies and documents for the world conference.
Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
Ref. A/CONF.157/23: [English][Arabic][French]
Adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993 Vienna, Austria, 14-25 June 1993.
Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
Ref. A/CONF.157/23: [English][Arabic][French]
Adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993 Vienna, Austria, 14-25 June 1993.
General Assembly resolution 46/91 - United Nations Principles for Older Persons
Ref. A-RES-46/91: [English]
United Nations Principles for Older Persons adopted by General Assembly resolution 46/91 of 16 December 1991
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Aiming at the abolition of the death penalty
Ref. A/RES/44/128: [English][Arabic][French]
The protocol was adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/128 of 15 December 1989 and entered into force 11 July 1991, in accordance with Article 8.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
This Charter was endorsed by the Council of African Presidents in its eighteenth ordinary session held in Nairobi - Kenya in June 1981.
Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement officials
Ref. : [English][Arabic]
Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 34/169 of 17 December 1979.
Protocol (I) Additional to the Geneva Conventions
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts. It was adopted on 8 June 1977 by the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law applicable in Armed Conflicts, entry into force 7 December 1979, in accordance with Article 95.
Protocol (II) Additional to the Geneva Conventions
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
The protocol was adopted on 8 June 1977 by the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law applicable in Armed Conflicts, entry into force 7 December 1978, in accordance with Article 23.
Proclamation of Teheran
Ref. U.N. Doc. A/CONF. 32/41: [English][Arabic]
Proclaimed by the International Conference on Human Rights at Teheran, Iran on 13 May 1968
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Ref. A/RES/2200 A (XXI): [English][Arabic][French]
Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by the General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966 and entered into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49.
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Concerning communications from individuals claiming to be victims of violations
Ref. A/RES/2200 A (XXI): [English][Arabic][French]
The protocol was adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by the General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966 and entered into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 9.
Geneva Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
August 1949 by the Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War, held in Geneva from 21 April to 12 August, 1949, entry into force 21 October 1950 in accordance with article 58.
Geneva Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
Adopted on 12 August 1949 by the Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War, held in Geneva from 21 April to 12 August, 1949
entry into force 21 October 1950 in accordance with article 57.
Geneva Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
Adopted on 12 August 1949 by the Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War, held in Geneva from 21 April to 12 August, 1949, entry into force 21 October 1950 in accordance with article 138.
Geneva Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
Adopted on 12 August 1949 by the Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War, held in Geneva from 21 April to 12 August, 1949, entry into force 21 October 1950, in accordance with article 153.
Right to establish justice: Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime
Ref. 2005/20: [English]
The guidelines were adopted at the 36th plenary meeting of the Economic and Social Council on 22 July 2005. Their main objectives are to assist in the review of national and domestic laws, procedures and practices to ensure full respect for the rights of child victims and witnesses of crime and contribute to the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child,4 by parties to that Convention.
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People's Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and People's Rights
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
Adopted by the Organization of African Unity at its 1998 summit. The Court was established on 25 January 2004 following the ratification of 15 member States of the Protocol.
General Assembly - Resolution 45/118 - Model Treaty on the Transfer of Proceedings in Criminal Matters
Ref. A/RES/45/118: [English][Arabic][French]
General Assembly - Resolution 45/119 - Model Treaty on the Transfer of Supervision of Offenders Conditionally Sentenced or Conditionally Released
Ref. A/RES/45/119: [English][Arabic]
United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (Tokyo Rules)
Ref. A/RES/45/110: [English][Arabic][French]
The standards were adopted by the General Assembly Resolution 45/110 of 14 December 1990. They are intended to provide basic principles to promote the use of non-custodial measures, as well as minimum safeguards for persons subject to alternatives to imprisonment and to promote greater community involvement in the management of criminal justice, specifically in the treatment of offenders, as well as to promote among offenders a sense of responsibility towards society.
Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials
Ref. UN Congress-1990: [English]
Adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August to 7 September 1990.
Guidelines on the Role of Prosecutors
Ref. UN-Congress 1990: [English][Arabic]
Adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August to 7 September 1990.
Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers
Ref. UN Congress-1990: [English][Arabic]
Adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August to 7 September 1990.
Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-legal, Arbitrary and Summary Executions
Ref. ECOSOC-Rec-1989/65-1989: [English][Arabic]
Recommended by Economic and Social Council resolution 1989/65 of 24 May 1989.
General Assembly - Resolution 43/173 -Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment
Ref. A/RES/43/173: [English][Arabic][French]
A General Assembly Resolution A/RES/43/173 adopted at the 76th plenary meeting, 9 Dec. 1988.
United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules)
Ref. A/RES/40/33: [English][Arabic][French]
The Beijing rule were adopted by General Assembly resolution 40/33 of 29 November 1985. These broad fundamental perspectives refer to comprehensive social policy in general and aim at promoting juvenile welfare to the greatest possible extent, which will minimize the necessity of intervention by the juvenile justice system, and in turn, will reduce the harm that may be caused by any intervention. Such care measures for the young, before the onset of delinquency, are basic policy requisites designed to obviate the need for the application of the Rules.
Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power
Ref. A/RES/40/34: [English][Arabic]
Adopted by General Assembly resolution 40/34 of 29 November 1985.
Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary
Ref. UN-Congress-1985: [English][Arabic]
Adopted by the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders held at Milan from 26 August to 6 September 1985 and endorsed by General Assembly resolutions 40/32 of 29 November 1985 and 40/146 of 13 December 1985.
Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials
Ref. A/RES/34/169: [English][Arabic]
Adopted by General Assembly resolution 34/169 of 17 December 1979.
Right to life: Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty
Ref. A/RES/44/128: [English][Arabic][French]
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Article 3
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
Article three of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights recognizes that "Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.'
Right to physical and moral integrity: Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
Ref. :
It specifies that "1. For the purpose of this Statute, "crime against humanity" means any of the following acts when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack: (...), g) Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity; (...) "
Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights
Ref. UNESCO-S29-1997-98: [English][Arabic][French]
Adopted at the twenty-ninth session of UNESCO’s General Conference on 11 November 1997 and endorsed by the General Assembly in 1998.
Article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
Protects human physical and moral integrity stating that: "No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation."
Right to liberty and security: International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries
Ref. A/RES/ 44/34: [English][Arabic][French]
International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries - Adopted and opened for signature and ratification by General Assembly resolution 44/34 of 4 December 1989 - Entry into force: 20 October 2001, in accordance with article 19.
Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Peace
Ref. A/RES/39/11: [English][Arabic]
Approved by General Assembly resolution 39/11 of 12 November 1984.
Declaration on the Promotion among Youth of the Ideals of Peace, Mutual Respect and Understanding between Peoples
Ref. A/RES/2037 (XX): [English]
Proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 2037 (XX) of 7 December 1965.
Administration of Justice and fair trial: Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers
Ref. : [English][Arabic]
Adopted by the 8th United Nations Congress on the prevention of crime and the treatment of offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August to 7 September 1990.
Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary
Ref. : [English][Arabic]
Adopted by the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders held at Milan from 26 August to 6 September 1985 and endorsed by General Assembly resolutions 40/32 of 29 November 1985 and 40/146 of 13 December 1985
CCPR General Comment No. 13
Ref. : [English]
The comments of the Committee on Human Rights on the equality before the courts and the right to a fair and public hearing by an independent court established by law.
Right to private life: CCPR - General Comment No. 16 - Right to privacy
Ref. : [English]
The Universal Declaration of Human rights –Article 12- is the first to assert that "No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.” This right was re-affirmed again by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR 1966), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC 1989), by the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, (CMW 1990) and also by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, (CRPD 2006). The Committee on Human Rights explains in this comment the right to respect of privacy, family, home and correspondence, and protection of honour and reputation.
Right to freedom of movement: CCPR - General Comment No. 27 - Freedom of movement
Ref. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.9,: [English][French]
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948- Article 13) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR 1966- Article 12) stressed the importance of freedom of movement, and later the Human Rights Committee issued these guidelines for Article 12 of the ICCPR.
Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief: CCPR - General Comment No. 22 - Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
Ref. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4: [English][Arabic][French]
The Committee on Human Rights provides additional explanation to Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to the right of freedom of thought, conscience and religion (which includes the freedom to hold beliefs).
Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief
Ref. A/RES/36/55: [English][Arabic][French]
Proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 36/55 of 25 November 1981.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Article 18
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
The freedom of thought, conscience and belief is deep-rooted in the United Nations documents. The Universal Declaration of Human rights – Article 18 recognizes freedom of religion or belief “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.” This right is confirmed again in Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and Article 12 of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
Right to freedom of opinion and expression: CCPR - General Comment No. 10 - Freedom of expression
Ref. : [French]
The Committee on Human Rights provides additional explanation to Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the freedom of expression and opinion.
CCPR - General Comment No. 11 - Prohibition of propaganda
Ref. : [English]
The Committee on Human Rights provides additional explanation to Article 20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the Prohibition of propaganda for war and inciting national, racial or religious hatred.
Convention on the International Right of Correction
Ref. A/RES/630 (VII): [English][French]
Opened for signature by General Assembly resolution 630 (VII) of 16 December 1952, entered into force 24 August 1962, in accordance with article VIII.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Article 19
Ref. : [English][Arabic][French]
The Universal Declaration of Human rights – Article 19 - stresses that "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers." This right is re-confirmed by Article 19 and 20 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Article 13 Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Right to freedom of association: Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
Ref. A/RES/53/144: [English][Arabic][French]
Fifty-third session- agenda item 110 (b) resolution adopted by the General Assembly on the report of the third committee (a/53/625/add.2).
Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention
Ref. ILO-S-31-1948-50-15: [English][Arabic][French]
Convention (No. 87) concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize.
Adopted on 9 July 1948 by the General Conference of the International Labour Organisation at its thirty-first session, entered into force 4 July 1950, in accordance with article 15.
Right to organize: Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention
Ref. ILO-S-31-1949-51-8: [English][Arabic]
Convention (No. 98) concerning the Application of the Principles of the Right to Organize and to Bargain Collectively. Adopted on 1 July 1949 by the General Conference of the International Labour Organisation at its thirty-second session and entered into force 18 July 1951, in accordance with article 8.
Right to vote and participate in public affairs: CCPR - General Comment No. 25 - Right to participate in public affairs
Ref. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.7: [English][Arabic][French]
General comment adopted by the Human Rights Committee under article 40, paragraph 4, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the right to participate in public affairs, voting rights and the right of equal access to public service (article 25).
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